The search for a way to build according to criteria of environmental sustainability requires to abandon the worn-out design tools, which now appear to us liars and full of negativity and that helped build the current realities. The era of post-oil requires a total change of vision, imagination and effort that goes beyond established models and techniques. It is not simply a material that is to replace it with another, but we are called to completely change approach to the project. I call light architecture design and build a way of accepting this challenge, developing research techniques and types of construction from the use of energy diffused rather than concentrated, lightweight materials and assembled rather than massive and monolithic, very high loads rather than heavy, built-in functions rather than specialized.
The choice of building material based on the characteristics of "lightness", that environmental sustainability requires an assessment based on the following parameters:
- Materials must be produced and sold locally, so it is easier ensure sustainability the production cycle, low environmental impact, transport and energy weights just the finished product
- Must be at low energy investment (Low embodied energy), that is produced with less energy as possible at each stage of processing.
- The duration of the materials and goods must be carefully designed eliminating the possibility that the materials become waste. And 'Sustainable building designed to last 30 years and whose materials are in a position a few die without leaving a trail of waste for disposal. It is not sustainable a building designed to last indefinitely and that requires frequent maintenance and replacement resulting in the production of waste for disposal.
- Recycling: to be abandoned the idea of \u200b\u200bconsumption, that is disposable, and replaced with the idea to use and recycle. The attention of designers should focus on investment in this metabolic an object, what about what and how to end use, you can recover, recycle or metabolize. Then it will add to the biological metabolism metabolism technology capable of eliminating waste. It will be possible to recover most of matter and energy through the processes of disassembly and reassembly. While the biological metabolism is inscribed in the interrelations of ecosystems, so that a species produces as waste becomes food for another species, the metabolism technology requires careful planning based on the cycles of use.
- The materials used shall not release toxic or noxious emissions over time. Many paints, wall paints, adhesives, concrete additives, time release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which cause allergy and poisoning. These products are used or to speed up the implementation or as preservatives. The use of these substances reduces at the same level of biological products and products with technology preventing the recycling operations. As is already happening to formaldehyde and asbestos as was the case, you can find alternatives these hazardous materials.
- In some materials there are residues of undocumented workers potentially toxic or harmful, it is the case when the cement is produced by burning tires and municipal solid waste is the case when the steel comes from scrap consignments of uncertain origin, may be the case of wood from outside the European Union, often treated in the stores starting with highly toxic substances and prohibited by our rules.
- It 's necessary then an environmental impact assessment in production and installation. Cement, for example, has a strong impact on the environment from the tract and quarries from which limestone, then the kilns that contribute to production of CO2 and other forms of pollution, followed by grinding with dust emission. The wood can come from sectors with high environmental impacts, the result of uncontrolled deforestation and long distance travel.
The entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol is the recognition at international level, the beginning of the post-oil, and the conclusion of the intensive use of resources. With oil being depleted has reached the foundation of a society focused on the economy to energy-intensive. The oil and other fossil fuels with a high concentration of energy, have determined the ways to build, i materiali da usare, finanche le forme e i modi di organizzazione urbana.
Oggi il contesto è cambiato, progettisti, costruttori, tecnici e amministratori pubblici, sono chiamati alla sfida dell’architettura leggera, un’architettura dematerializzata, che assume la questione fondamentale della nostra epoca, il passaggio dall’intensità all’efficienza: ridurre l’impiego di materia, di suolo, di acqua di energia migliorando la qualità abitativa.
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